A Comprehensive Guide to Indian Scriptures by Sunita Pant Bansal - Book Review

Publication Date: 21st Dec 2024 

Genre: Nonfiction, Hindu/ Religion 

4.2 Stars 

One Liner: A good beginner's guide 

As one of the oldest religions in the world, Hinduism has countless scriptures, notes, studies, philosophies, and frameworks. We have Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Ithihasas, Shastras, etc., each dealing with diverse topics, themes, stories, guidelines, and much more. There is no single standardized rule book we are supposed to follow. So, what do you do if you want to know about Hinduism? Where do you start? 

A tricky question indeed! 

This short book attempts to present a comprehensive overview of Hindu scriptures without going into extensive detail. It aims to sort and categorize the content while briefly explaining what they mean. 

Let’s be honest. This is no small feat. Kudos to the author for attempting such a complex task.  

The book starts with a short author’s note and an introduction. Both more or less say the same, though the author’s note touches upon her experience in the field. 

Though the author mentions tentative dates, she emphasizes that those are not definite. I too won’t talk about the dates unless necessary. For example, she says Mahabharata was about 5000 years ago, which puts it around 3000 BCE. This doesn’t align with the (1700-1850 BCE) dates proposed by Jijith Nadumuri Ravi (a scientist and a researcher), who used multiple parameters to arrive at a more realistic time frame. Instead of getting into a debate about this, I will focus on the actual content. 

Right at the beginning, the author says Hinduism (Sanatana Dharma) is not just a religion but a way of life. Many of you may have heard this statement. While it is true, it’s important to remember that this doesn’t give others a right to say Hinduism is not a religion. 

The author starts with Vedas, which are divided into four parts that align with the four stages of life – brahmacharya (student), grihastya (householder), vanaprastha (forest life, renouncing materialistic pleasures), and sanyasa (renouncing everything). 

The author also highlights character-based varna, the role of a guru, and numerous Upanishads that explain yoga. Giving it exotic names and calling yourself a yogi doesn’t make you one. What’s being taught today is not yoga. 

I like we get the significance of three lines of ash applied to the forehead (upper arms and wrists) and the context behind using the sacred ash (vibhuti) as bottu. Typically in our households, when kids cry or get cranky and refuse to settle down, an elder applies vibhuti to their forehead with a small prayer (it can even be a request to your favorite god to clear the negative energies around the child). And yeah, it works. Little ones do settle down and start to feel better. 

In the Puranas, the author provides an overview of what they are and a summary of each Puranam. For example, Garuda Puranam deals with death, last rites, and the concepts of the afterlife. Usually, when someone in the family dies, they play/ recite Garuda Puranam during the eleven-day mourning period. The Bhagavatha Purana is all about Vishnu and his ten avatars with a major focus on Krishna avatar (his childhood, etc.). 

Then, there are Vendangas, Upa Vedas, Vendata Sutras, Smritis/ Dharma Shastras, Agamas, etc. These include detailed instructions and frameworks about science, math, fine arts, behavioral science, language, magic, sports, law, warfare, medicine, gemology, geography, astrology, astronomy, architecture, sculpture, cooking, animal husbandry, farming, meteorology, transportation, etc. 

The Agamas are broadly divided into three – Vaishnava, Shaiva, and Shakta. Depending on which sampradaya you belong to, you refer to the relevant texts in Vedas, Upa Vedas, Shastras, Puranas, etc. 

Despite the extensive nature of the texts, quite a few themes repeat – Brahaman, the importance of correct pronunciation of mantra, the union of divine masculine and divine feminine as the core of the universe, and how the five elements of nature are integral to everything and can be found everywhere. Most importantly, even when the texts seem like they contradict each other, they actually don’t. The ideas co-exist and complement each other. That’s why even atheism comes under the same umbrella (not the distorted ego-centric version but the actual concept).  

Needless to say, this is not a book you read and forget on your bookshelf. It works as a great reference or beginner’s guide. It’s useful to check which Veda or Smriti talks about the topic you want to learn so that you can go and find the full-length materials. 

To summarize, A Comprehensive Guide to Indian Scriptures is indeed a well-structured, compact, and reliable guide to getting an idea about Hindu scriptures. This can be your starting point. 

My thanks to the publisher Readomania for a copy of the book. This review is voluntary and contains my honest opinions.